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用基因工程技术由大肠杆菌合成重组乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）Ｘ抗原（ＨＢｘＡｇ）并制备兔抗－ＨＢｘＩｇＧ以检测ＨＢｘＡｇ，合成一对以ＨＢＶＸ基因序列为模板的引物，用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术扩增ＨＢＶＤＮＡ。免疫组织化学和血清学方法分别用以分析肝病患者肝组织中的ＨＢｘＡｇ和血清标本中的ＨＢｘＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｘ。发现ＨＢｘＡｇ在慢性活动性肝炎（ＣＡＨ）患者肝组织中检出率为７２．７％，在肝炎后肝硬化（ＬＣ）中为９２．６％，而乙型肝炎核心抗原（ＨＢｃＡｇ）在ＬＣ中检出率为４７．８％。在ＣＡＨ、慢性迁延性肝炎和ＬＣ的血清中ＨＢｘＡｇ的阳性率分别为４４．４％、６６．６％和３３．３％，与ＨＢｅＡｇ的阳性率相似，而且在这些ＨＢｘＡｇ阳性的血清中可检出ＨＢＶＤＮＡ的存在，ＨＢｘＡｇ的表达与ＨＢＶ复制紧密相关，ＨＢｘＡｇ可能是一慢性ＨＢＶ感染的重要标志物。
Recombinant hepatitis B virus (HBxAg) was synthesized from Escherichia coli using gene engineering technology and rabbit anti-HBx IgG was prepared to detect HBxAg. A pair of primers based on the HBVX gene sequence was synthesized and analyzed by polymerase chain reaction ) Technology to amplify HBVDNA. Immunohistochemistry and serological methods were used to analyze HBxAg in liver tissues and HBxAg and anti-HBx in serum samples respectively. HBxAg was found to be 72.7% in liver tissue of patients with chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 92.6% in posthepatitic cirrhosis (LC), whereas HBcAg was detected in LC The detection rate was 47.8%. The positive rates of HBxAg in sera of CAH, chronic persistent hepatitis and LC were 44.4%, 66.6% and 33.3%, respectively, similar to the positive rates of HBeAg and detectable in these HBxAg-positive sera The presence of HBVDNA, HBxAg expression and HBV replication are closely related, HBxAg may be an important marker of chronic HBV infection.