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高粱(Sorghum bicolour)是世界上最重要的粮食、饲料、酿造和能源作物之一,也是C4植物研究的模式植物。蚜虫是农业生产上的重要害虫,几乎危害所有的栽培作物。危害高粱的蚜虫主要包括高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari)、麦二叉蚜(Schizaphis graminum)和玉米蚜(Rhopalosiphum maidis)。高粱的抗蚜资源尚不丰富且缺乏深入系统的研究。目前研究较多的是麦二叉蚜的抗性遗传方面,已定位20个抗性QTLs,单一QTL对抗性差异贡献率最高可达80.3%,对高粱蚜和玉米蚜的研究尚需进一步加强。高粱的理化特性与其抗蚜性能相关,故可与育种实践相结合。高粱和蚜虫(Acyrthosiphon pisum)的全基因组测序工作已经完成,这将有助于蚜虫-植物间的相互作用关系及植物对蚜虫的抗性机制研究。目前已克隆到2个抗蚜基因,且多个抗蚜基因(位点)已被定位在染色体上。该文重点综述了上述研究成果并对高粱抗蚜的研究前景进行了展望。
Sorghum bicolour is one of the most important food, feed, brewing and energy crops in the world and is also a model plant for C4 plant research. Aphids are an important pest of agricultural production and endanger almost all cultivated crops. Aphids that endanger sorghum include mainly Melanaphis sacchari, Schizaphis graminum and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Sorghum is not rich in aphid resources and lack of in-depth and systematic research. At present, there are more studies on the genetic inheritance of resistance of M. bifidum. Twenty resistant QTLs have been mapped, and the contribution rate of single QTL resistance can reach as high as 80.3%. The research on sorghum aphid and corn aphid should be further strengthened. The physicochemical properties of sorghum are related to its anti-aphid properties and can therefore be combined with breeding practices. Whole-genome sequencing of sorghum and aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) has been completed, which will help aphid-plant interactions and plant resistance to aphids. At present, two anti-aphid genes have been cloned and many anti-aphid genes (loci) have been mapped on chromosomes. This review focuses on the above research results and prospects of research on sorghum aphids are prospected.