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目的:探讨川陈皮素对吸入七氟醚麻醉引起的术后认知功能障碍(postoperative cognitive dysfunction，POCD)的保护作用。方法:24只SPF级老龄SD大鼠(雌雄各12只)按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组，手术组和手术＋川陈皮素组，每组8只(雌雄各4只)。手术组和手术＋川陈皮素组大鼠分别进行生理盐水(0.1 ml/10 g，1次/d)和川陈皮素(100 mg/kg，1次/d)灌胃6周后，经七氟醚麻醉后行腹腔探查手术处理，之后继续灌胃1周。对照组大鼠生理盐水(0.1 ml/10 g，1次/d)灌胃7周，不进行麻醉和手术处理。分别采用Morris水迷宫实验和旷场实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力和自主探索能力；电肌电遥测系统记录大鼠脑电图(EEG)α波的变化；酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测神经功能损伤标志物神经组织蛋白(S100β)的浓度；免疫印迹法(Western blot)检测神经小胶质细胞中特异性标记物电离钙结合蛋白-1(IBA-1)的表达情况。采用SPSS 20.0软件进行统计学分析。结果:手术前老龄大鼠Morris水迷宫、定位巡航实验和旷场实验的结果组间差异无统计学意义(均n P>0.05)。手术后7d组间差异有统计学意义(均n P0.05)，在麻醉中和手术中差异有统计学意义(n F＝72.58，101.50，n P0.05), but the differences during anesthesia and operation were significant (n F=72.58, 101.50, n P<0.01). During anesthesia and operation, the power ratio of α-band in anesthesia and in surgery group (2.51±0.04, 2.14±0.03) were significantly lower (bothn P0.05) in the surgery + nobiletin group (3.50±0.04, 3.51±0.04). There were significant differences in Bcl-2 protein expression and caspase 3/7 protein activity among the three groups (n F=5.21, 7.84, n P<0.01). Compared with control group (1.00±0.02, 1 557.46±3.63), Bcl-2 of rats in the surgery group(0.40±0.05) were significantly lower and Caspase3/7 expression of surgery group (3 689.58±10.46) was significantly higher (bothn P0.05). The difference of S100 β protein expression was significant among the three groups (n F=490.80, n P<0.01). Compared with the control group ((0.18±0.01)μg/L), the concentration of S100β protein in the surgery group ((2.13±0.02)μg/L) decreased (n P0.05). The expression levels of IBA-1 protein (n F=10.83) and TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β and IL-6 (n F=996.20, 221.40, 73.02, 174.13) were significantly different among the three groups (all n P<0.01). The expression level of the neuroglial marker IBA-1 in the surgery group(1.36±0.02) was significantly higher than that in the control group (1.00±0.01,n P0.05). The levels of inflammatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1, IL-1β and IL-6, in the brain of rats treated with nobiletin ((49.06±3.63)pg/mg, (2.09±0.43)pg/mg, (16.27±0.80)pg/mg, (2.11±0.19)pg/mg) were significantly lower than those in the surgery group((145.10±6.46)pg/mg, (5.67±0.43)pg/mg, (27.88±3.43)pg/mg, (4.74±0.32)pg/mg, alln P<0.01).n Conclusion:Nobiletin can obviously alleviate POCD symptoms caused by sevoflurane inhalation anesthesia.