光子晶体是类比固体晶格制作的新型人工材料,激光全息法是制作光子晶体的重要方法之一,光束偏振在其中起到关键作用。从多光束干涉原理出发,以斜方光子晶体为例探讨了其全息制作的设计思路及光束构型。进而结合计算机模拟,系统研究了线偏振、圆偏振、椭圆偏振等不同偏振组合对“原子”的影响,发现偏振组合和光强比对“原子”形状、取向和位置存在显著影响。进一步设计实验进行验证,结合计算机实时监控调节各光束的偏振和光强,获得了不同偏振组合和光强比下的多种光子晶体结构,发现实验结果与理论预测、数值模拟均符合得很好。该研究不仅有助于提高特定“原子”光子晶体的设计效率,而且可有效降低偏振操控的盲目性,提高实验效率。 Photonic crystals are novel artificial materials for analogy solid crystal lattices. Laser holography is one of the most important methods to fabricate photonic crystals. Polarization of light beams plays a key role. Based on the principle of multi-beam interference, the design principle and the beam configuration of holographic fabrication with oblique photonic crystal are discussed. Combining computer simulation, we systematically studied the influence of different polarization combinations such as linear polarization, circular polarization and elliptic polarization on “atom ”, and found that polarization combination and light intensity ratio have significant influence on the shape, orientation and position of atom . Further design experiments were carried out to verify the combination of computer real-time monitoring of the polarization and light intensity of each beam to obtain a variety of different combinations of polarization and light intensity ratio of a variety of photonic crystal structure found that the experimental results and theoretical prediction, numerical simulation are in good agreement . This research not only helps to improve the design efficiency of a specific “atomic” photonic crystal, but also reduces the blindness of polarization control and improves the experimental efficiency.