论文部分内容阅读
采用“3414”肥料效应试验设计方案进行田间试验,探讨在钟祥市土壤上油菜最佳的氮、磷、钾施肥用量及配比,逐步建立适合本市土壤和作物特性的施肥模型,完善测土配方施肥技术体系,2015年布置油菜“3414”试验,研究当前推荐氮肥用量(N 10 kg/亩)、磷肥用量(P_2O_5 4.8 kg/亩)、钾肥用量(K_2O 3 kg/亩)对油菜的增产效果。施肥增产效果显著(不施氮除外),平均增产量为20.3~103.7 kg/亩,增幅为19.8%~101.3%。施肥增加毛收入65.1~354.3元/亩,增加投入27.5~85.5元/亩,产投比为1.3~6.7,纯收入15.5~280.1元/亩。氮肥的农学利用率为5.25%~8.4%,P_1、P_2的农学利用率分别为18.35%和15.21%。结果表明,在平衡施用其他大量元素养分的条件下,施用氮对油菜增产起到一定作用,磷肥对油菜增产作用有限,钾肥对油菜增产作用不明显。
The experiment of “3414” fertilizer effect experiment was used to carry out field experiment to explore the optimal nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and their proportions in rape field in Zhongxiang City. The fertilization model suitable for the soil and crop characteristics of this city was gradually established and perfected The technical system of soil testing and formula fertilization was put in place. The rapeseed “3414” was arranged in 2015 to study the current recommended N fertilizer application rate (N 10 kg / mu), P fertilizer application (P 2 O 4.8 4.8 kg / mu) and K fertilizer application rate (K 2 O 3 kg / Rape yield increase. Fertilizer yield increase effect is remarkable (except no nitrogen addition), the average yield increase of 20.3 ~ 103.7 kg / mu, an increase of 19.8% ~ 101.3%. Fertilization increased gross income 65.1 ~ 354.3 yuan / mu, increased investment 27.5 ~ 85.5 yuan / mu, production and investment ratio of 1.3 ~ 6.7, net income of 15.5 ~ 280.1 yuan / mu. The agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer was 5.25% -8.4%, and the agricultural utilization rates of P 1 and P 2 were 18.35% and 15.21% respectively. The results showed that application of nitrogen increased the yield of rapeseed to a certain extent under the condition of balanced application of other macronutrients. The effect of phosphate fertilizer on rapeseed production was limited, and the effect of potassium fertilizer on rapeseed production was not obvious.