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人类精液冷冻保护剂(cryoprotective medium,简称CPM)对人类精子在冷冻-解冻过程中减少或避免冷冻损伤起着关键性的作用。既往的研究表明,精子在冷冻时若不被CPM加以保护是很难存活的。自1949年Polge等发现了甘油对精子的冷冻保护特性后,几十年来各国科学家一直在发展和改良CPM,以求最大限度地保存精子冷冻前生理与功能的完整性。目前,人类精液CPM已经从使用单一甘油发展成为多种类型和配方的复合型CPM。本文就目前人类精液冷冻保存所使用的CPM及其应用概况作一综述。
Human cryoprotective medium (cryoprotective medium, CPM for short) plays a key role in reducing or avoiding freezing damage in human sperm during freezing-thawing. Previous studies have shown that it is very difficult for sperm to survive freezing unless they are protected by CPM. Since the discovery of the cryoprotective properties of glycerol on sperm by Polge in 1949, scientists from all over the world have been developing and improving CPM for decades to maximize the physiological and functional integrity of sperm before freezing. Currently, human semen CPM has evolved from the use of single glycerol into a complex CPM of many types and formulations. This article reviews the current CPM used in cryopreservation of human semen and its application.