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一、问题的提出物质的理化性质以及生物学性质都和分子中原子的空间分布即分子结构有极为敏感的关系。许多化学反应可以用反应物和产物的细微结构给以很好的说明。但在实际工作中,特别是在化学教学中要确定一个物质的结构往往由于缺乏数据而无法进行。这时如能有一些定性的,特别是半定量的预测将有助于问题的解决。近代化学链理论的运用对预测分子结构的任务正在逐渐取得解决,但远非完全。本文将介绍一种简便实用的半定量确定分子结构的方法一价层电子对互斥理论及它的推论。为了说明问题我们首先引用几个实例,如 I_3~-(ICl_2~-),SCl_2,HgCl_2,H_2O 这些分子
First, the question put forward Physical and chemical properties of matter as well as the biological properties of the molecule in the spatial distribution of atoms that the molecular structure has a very sensitive relationship. Many chemical reactions can be well described by the fine structure of reactants and products. However, in practical work, especially in chemistry teaching, it is often impossible to determine the structure of a substance due to lack of data. At this time if there is some qualitative, especially semi-quantitative forecast will help solve the problem. The application of modern chemical chain theory to predict the molecular structure of the task is gradually resolved, but far from complete. This article will introduce a simple and practical method for the semi-quantitative determination of molecular structure of the tantalum electron pair mutual exclusion theory and its corollary. In order to illustrate the problem we first cited several examples, such as I_3 ~ - (ICl_2 ~ -), SCl_2, HgCl_2, H_2O these molecules