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目的探讨模拟月尘(lunar soil simulant,LSS)对大鼠肺脏急性损伤的病理学改变。方法采用粒径在5μm以下的CAS-1模拟月壤作为真实月壤的替代物。用无菌生理盐水配制模拟月尘混悬液。通过气管滴注染毒法制备模拟月尘的动物模型,同时与PM2.5及生理盐水组对照,观察染尘不同时期大鼠肺脏的超微结构变化。结果 LSS高剂量组(灌注量1 m L,含7 mg LSS)4 h图片可见肺泡间隔增厚和中性粒细胞浸润;24 h图片可见肺泡间隔增厚和血管内中性粒细胞浸润,以及血管和支气管周围炎。LSS低剂量组(灌注量1 m L,含0.7 mg LSS)4 h图片未见组织明显病变;24 h图片可见肺泡隔轻微增厚,支气管周围有中性粒细胞浸润但比LSS高剂量组轻。PM2.5组4 h和24 h图片均未观察到炎症、水肿。结论 LSS可能具有比PM2.5更强的肺毒性,可引起机体肺实质损伤,产生炎症性病变。
Objective To investigate the pathological changes of acute lung injury induced by simulated lunar soil simulant (LSS) in rats. Methods CAS-1 simulated lunar soil particle size below 5μm was used as a substitute for real lunar soil. Preparation of simulated saline suspension with sterile saline. Animal models of moon dust were prepared by intratracheal instillation. At the same time, the changes of lung ultrastructure in different periods of dust exposure were observed by comparing with PM2.5 and saline group. Results In the LSS high-dose group (perfusion volume 1 m L, containing 7 mg LSS) for 4 h, the thickening of alveolar septum and neutrophil infiltration were seen. The thickening of alveolar septum and neutrophil infiltration in blood vessels Vascular and peribronchitis. LSS low dose group (perfusion volume 1 m L, containing 0.7 mg LSS) 4 h the picture showed no significant pathological changes; 24 h showed a slight alveolar septum thickening, bronchial neutrophil infiltration but lighter than the LSS high dose group . PM2.5 group 4 h and 24 h pictures were not observed inflammation, edema. Conclusion LSS may have stronger lung toxicity than PM2.5, which may cause lung injury and inflammation in the body.