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本文简要地回顾了土壤有机质对作物营养和土壤管理对维持土壤中有足量有机质的作用方面的研究进展。土壤有机质对于作物营养和土壤管理具有直接和间接的影响。土壤管理的目的在于促使土壤有机质收支平衡并维持在一个适宜的水平。最佳土壤有机质水平的建立是所有稳定农作制的重要特征。如果土壤有机质水平在降低,土壤的生产能力一般也在变差。在热带和亚热带高温条件下,旱地土壤中的有机质很难维持在一个适宜的水平,因此寻求能促进土壤有机质积累的耕作方法十分必要。旱地土壤上实行最少耕作制结合作物稿秆覆盖是个成功的好办法。栽培粮食作物与树本作物或绿肥相结合,能增加土壤有机质和降低土壤有机质的分解速率。
This review briefly reviews the progress of soil organic matter on the role of crop nutrition and soil management in maintaining adequate organic matter in soils. Soil organic matter has direct and indirect effects on crop nutrition and soil management. The purpose of soil management is to promote the balance of soil organic matter and to maintain a suitable level. The establishment of the best soil organic matter level is an important feature of all stable farming systems. If the level of soil organic matter is declining, the productivity of soils generally will also deteriorate. Under tropical and subtropical high temperatures, organic matter in upland soil is difficult to maintain at a suitable level. Therefore, it is necessary to seek cultivation methods that can promote the accumulation of soil organic matter. The least tillage on dry soils combined with crop draft cover is a good way to succeed. Combining cultivated food crops with tree crops or green manure can increase soil organic matter and reduce the rate of soil organic matter decomposition.