显微鏡製造的進步固然是細菌学能發展的主因,但是工具當然不是惟一的条件。學者研究學問的興趣是一切人類文化發達的原動力,細菌學也不能例外。在十九世紀中葉有許多學者和哲人在辯論幾個久久未能解决的問题,這几個問题的爭 The advancement of microscope manufacturing is of course the main cause for the development of bacteriology, but of course tools are not the only conditions. Scholars’ interest in studying knowledge is the driving force behind the development of all human cultures, and bacteriology is no exception. In the mid-nineteenth century, many scholars and philosophers were debating several issues that had not been resolved for a long time.