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为了明确不同类型粳稻品种穗发芽的表现特性及其影响因素,利用2016年9-10月江苏遭遇多次连阴雨的特殊条件,调查了近年来江苏省农业科学院育成的42个粳稻新品种(系)和98个江苏、山东、浙江等省育成的粳稻品种的穗发芽情况,并对影响穗发芽的相关性状进行调查分析。结果表明,粳稻品种的穗发芽率存在明显的品种(系)间差异,大部分品种(系)的穗发芽率较低,但也存在穗发芽率较高的品种(系)。不同生育期类型品种(系)的平均穗发芽率存在显著差异,中熟中粳稻最高,晚粳稻最低,迟熟中粳稻居中,但同一生育期品种(系)间穗发芽率的变异系数均较大。同一品种(系)先后2次调查的穗发芽率差异均达显著或极显著水平,中粳稻品种第2次调查穗发芽率的提高程度远远高于晚粳稻品种。穗发芽率与叶穗位差、每穗总粒数呈显著或极显著正相关,而与播种到抽穗的天数和结实率呈显著或极显著的负相关。水稻品种的穗发芽除了受遗传因素控制外,主要与种子的成熟度和造成穗发芽的温度湿度条件有关。
In order to clarify the characteristics of spike germination and its influencing factors in different types of japonica rice varieties, 42 japonica rice varieties (lines) bred by Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in recent years were investigated using the special conditions of multiple consecutive rainy days in Jiangsu from September to October in 2016. And 98 japonica cultivars bred from Jiangsu, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces, and the related traits that affected spike germination were investigated. The results showed that there were obvious varieties (lines) of spike germination rate in japonica rice varieties, most of the varieties (lines) had lower sprouting rate, but there were also varieties (lines) with higher sprouting rate. The average spike germination rate of different types and types of cultivars was significantly different from that of middle-maturity medium japonica rice, lowest late japonica rice and middle late maturity japonica rice. However, the coefficient of variation of spikelet germination rate in the same growth period Big. The differences of spike germination rate of the same variety (line) in the two surveys reached significant or very significant level. The spike germination rate of the second survey of japonica rice varieties was much higher than that of the late japonica rice varieties. There was a significant or very significant positive correlation between spike germination percentage and leaf position, total grains per panicle, but significant or extremely significant negative correlation with the number of seeding to heading days and seed setting rate. Spike germination of rice varieties in addition to controlled by genetic factors, mainly with the maturity of the seed sprouting caused by temperature and humidity conditions.