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选用 4个小麦品种 (系 )分别代表大、小粒品种 ,研究了去除顶端两个小穗对植株光合速率、14 C同化物分配和穗部性状的影响。去除顶端两个小穗后 ,小粒品种 (鲁麦 14、山农 4 8— 2 )于灌浆中、后期的光合速率提高 ,大粒品种 (鲁 2 15953、核生 2号 )则表现为降低 ;灌浆初期 14 CO2 的标记测定结果显示 ,分配到穗部的 14 C同化物因去除顶端两小穗而有所增加 ,但从占整个麦穗 14 C同化物总量的比例来看 ,分配到中、下部特别是下部小穗的比例显著增加。结果表现为成熟期不孕小穗减少 ,整穗结实率和千粒重同步提高 ,穗粒重补偿性增长。这表明 ,在同化物供应充足的前提下 ,运用栽培技术措施或生长调节物质增加籽粒形成和灌浆初期同化物向下部小穗的分配 ,可有效地提高穗粒重。
Four wheat cultivars (lines) were selected to represent large and small grain varieties respectively. Effects of removing the top two spikelets on photosynthetic rate, 14 C assimilate distribution and ear traits were studied. After removing the top two spikelets, the photosynthetic rate of small grains (Lumai 14 and Shannong 4 8- 2) increased during grain filling and later period, and the grain size (Lu 2 15953 and Housheng 2) In the early stage of 14 CO2 labeling, the 14 C assimilates assigned to the ear increased due to the removal of the top two spikelets, but from the ratio of the total 14 C assimilation of the whole ear, The proportion of lower parts, especially lower ones, increased significantly. The results showed that the maturity of spikelets decreased, the whole grain seed setting rate and grain weight increase simultaneously, grain weight compensatory growth. This indicates that the grain weight and spikelet weight can be effectively increased by using cultivation techniques or growth regulators to increase the grain formation and distribution of the early assimilates to the lower spikelet under the premise of adequate supply of the assimilates.