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目的了解和分析不同流行阶段和时期疟疾防治策略和措施对降低疟疾发病率的作用,为消除疟疾提供左证。方法回顾性收集、整理襄州区1951-2013年疟疾防治资料,将疟疾流行趋势划分为3个阶段,流行过程划分为5个时期,采用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果襄阳市襄州区1951-2013年年均疟疾发病率为143.91/万。年发病率呈正偏态下降趋势(Cox-Stuart趋势检验,P<0.01);在流行、控制和消除阶段年均疟疾发病率呈下降趋势,差异有统计学意义(x2=31 393 984.77,P<0.01)。其中,流行阶段各年代年均发病率比较,差异无统计学意义(x2=-663 427 043.85,P>0.05),控制和消除阶段各年代年均疟疾发病率比较,差异有统计学意义(x2=936 683 066.63,P<0.01);暴发流行期、流行后期、流行控制期和流行稳定期年均发病率依次比较均有统计学意义(x2=289 917.17,P<0.01;x2=40662.65,P<0.01;x2=464.09,P<0.01)。结论不同流行阶段和时期疟疾防治策略和措施对降低疟疾发病率的作用不完全相同,社会因素对疟疾传播和流行产生重要的影响,实现消除疟疾的目标和有效应对输入性疟疾防控需要全社会共同努力。
Objective To understand and analyze the effect of malaria control strategies and measures in different phases and periods on reducing the incidence of malaria and provide evidence for eliminating malaria. Methods The data of malaria control in 1951-2013 in Xiangzhou District were collected retrospectively. The malaria epidemic trend was divided into three stages. The epidemic process was divided into five periods, and the descriptive epidemiological method was used for the analysis. Results The average annual incidence of malaria in Xiangzhou District in Xiangyang from 1951 to 2013 was 143.91 / million. The incidence of malaria decreased year by year (Cox-Stuart trend test, P <0.01). The prevalence of malaria in the epidemic, control and elimination phases showed a decreasing trend with a significant difference (x2 = 31 393 984.77, P < 0.01). Among them, the incidence of malaria in each stage of the epidemic stage was no significant difference (x2 = -663 427 043.85, P> 0.05), and the incidence of malaria in each stage of control and elimination stage was statistically significant (x2 = 936 683 066.63, P <0.01). The average annual incidence of outbreak, epidemic period, epidemic period and epidemic period were statistically significant (x2 = 289 917.17, P <0.01; x2 = 40662.65, P <0.01; x2 = 464.09, P <0.01). Conclusion The malaria control strategies and measures in different epidemic phases and periods have not exactly the same effect on reducing the incidence of malaria. Social factors have an important impact on the spread and epidemic of malaria. To achieve the goal of eliminating malaria and effectively prevent and control imported malaria requires the whole society Work together.