Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of nedaplatin/gemcitabine (NG) and carboplatin/gemcitabine (CG) in the management of untreated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).Methods:Sixty-two patients with previously untreated advanced NSCIC were recruited between June 2006 and November 2007.Subjects were randomly assigned to the NG arm (n=30) and the CG arm (n=32).Only patients (24 and 25 in the NG and CG arms,respectively) who completed ≥2 chemotherapy cycles were included in the data analysis.The primary outcome measure was the objective response rate (ORR).The secondary outcome measures included progression-free survival (PFS),overall survival (OS) and adverse events.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in the efficacy measures (ORR,P=0.305; median PFS,P=0.198; median OS,P=0.961) or in the major adverse events (grade 3/4 neutropenia,P=0.666; grade 3/4 anemia,P=0.263; grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia,P=0.212) between the two treatment arms.However,there was a trend towards higher ORR (37.5％ vs.24.0％),longer PFS (6.0 vs.5.0 months),and less adverse events in the NG arm.Conclusion:NG regimen seems to be superior over CG regimen for advance NSCLS,but further investigation is needed to validate this superiority.