退耕还林(草)工程对中国生态治理产生了重要作用,其实施效果得到了广泛认可。但是,退耕补贴对参与退耕农户土地经营行为的影响缺乏研究。本文首先构建“农户比较收益差距”指标,从农户决策视角分析了退耕补贴、非农就业与农户种植业生产投入积极性的关系,进而使用2008和2009年陕西省米脂、安塞和吴起3县的农户调查数据,对这一关系进行实证检验。研究发现:退耕补贴显著降低了参与退耕农户的种植业生产投入积极性,这意味着退耕补贴政策在巩固生态建设成果方面发挥了明显作用。另外,非农就业、退耕规模则对农户种植业生产投入积极性有显著负面影响。 The Project of Returning Farmland to Forests (Grass) has played an important role in ecological management in China, and its implementation effect has been widely recognized. However, the impact of returning farm subsidies on the land management practices of farmers involved in returning farmland has not been studied. This paper first builds the index of “comparative income gap between farmers”, and analyzes the relationship between returning farmland subsidies, non-agricultural employment and farmers ’enthusiasm for planting inputs from the perspective of farmers’ decision-making. Then, using 2008, 2009, 3 county farmer survey data, the relationship between the empirical test. The study found that the subsidies for returning farmland have significantly reduced the enthusiasm of farmers involved in crop production in converting farmland, which means that the policy of returning farmland subsidy has played a significant role in consolidating the achievements of ecological construction. In addition, the non-agricultural employment and the scale of returning farmland have a significant negative impact on the enthusiasm of farmers in planting and production.