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目的探讨自行设计的兔颈总动脉套管产生的高、低及震荡剪切力在动脉粥样硬化斑块进程中的作用。方法根据流体力学原理,采用自行设计的楔形颈总动脉套管加高脂饮食建立兔动脉粥样硬化模型。分3个时间点采集兔颈总动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、舒张末期内径(Dr)、收缩期峰值流速(Vs)、舒张期血流速度(Vd)、平均血流速度(Vm)等数据,计算颈总动脉血流剪切力。12周末处死动物,留取动脉标本,HE染色观测颈总动脉病理改变。结果楔形颈总动脉套管放置术后,高、低剪切力与基态剪切力水平有显著差异(P<0.05),震荡剪切力超声结果提示紊乱血流图像。低剪切力区域较震荡剪切力区域形成较大斑块,所含脂质、平滑肌成分较多,胶原成分较少。高剪切力区域则无明显斑块生成。结论采用颈总动脉套管可在相邻血管区域同时模拟不同形态剪切力(低水平、高水平和震荡剪切力),高剪切力可抑制动脉粥样硬化的发生,低剪切力和震荡剪切力则可以诱导动脉粥样硬化的发生。
Objective To investigate the effects of high, low and oscillatory shearing force produced by self designed rabbit common carotid arteries in the process of atherosclerotic plaque. Methods According to the principle of fluid mechanics, a rabbit model of atherosclerosis was established by cannulating wedge-shaped common carotid arteries and adding fat-free diet. Rabbit carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), end-diastolic diameter (Dr), peak systolic velocity (Vs), diastolic velocity (Vd) and mean velocity of blood flow (Vm) were collected at 3 time points Data were calculated for common carotid artery flow shear force. The animals were sacrificed on the 12th week, arterial specimens were taken and pathological changes of common carotid arteries were observed by HE staining. Results After the wedge-shaped common carotid artery was placed, there was a significant difference between the high and low shear forces and the shear force at the ground state (P <0.05). Ultrasound results of the oscillatory shear force showed the images of the disturbed blood flow. The area of low shearing force is larger than the area of shearing shear force, which contains more lipid and smooth muscle components and less collagen components. There was no significant plaque formation in the high shear zone. Conclusion The common carotid artery cannula can simultaneously simulate different forms of shear force (low level, high level and oscillatory shear force) in the adjacent blood vessel region. High shear force can inhibit the occurrence of atherosclerosis, low shear force And shock shear force can induce the occurrence of atherosclerosis.