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现用小学历史课本,字数虽只三万余,但其中头绪之多,牵涉范围之广,却不下于高、初中历史教本。把这样高度浓缩的东西,讲透了、学懂了,的确有困难。卡尔曹夫认为,小学历史教学,只须使儿童‘认识基本的事实和基本概念’,作为‘日后在较高的螺旋式教学阶段学习系统的历史课程底支点’。所以,他说:‘在小学的历史课程中,必须精细选出,一定的最低限度的最主要的观念、现象、事实和形象,而坚决抛弃一切多余的材料。’同时,他认为,小学历史教学所应从事解决的首要的基本任务,在于培养儿童对于社会主义祖国、对于本国人民的无限热爱,在于培养因本国人民而自豪的情感和仇恨本国人民底一切敌人、仇恨一切压迫者和侵略者的情感;在于培养忠于社会主义革命事业的情感。刘伟傅同志在本文所提出的建议,基本上是符合卡尔曹夫的指示的,而在我们祖国正向社会主义过渡的时期中,在历史教学方面,也特别需要更好地安排历史教材和进程来引导儿童‘通过对于过去的认识来了解现代’,来引导他们‘重视由于劳动人民许多世纪的英勇斗争而达到的伟大成就’,来培养他们忠于社会主义革命事业的情感。当然,实现这一个建议,并不是轻而易举的。譬如,在鸦片战争前这一段漫长的历史时期中,如何‘精细选出一定的最低限度的最主要的观念、现象、事实和形象’,使能在一个学期内教完,这就需要很好加以研究、考虑。所以,我们除了发表刘伟傅同志的文章,希望人民教育出版社编辑部对于伟傅同志的建议予以考虑以外,更希望广大的历史教师同志们对他的意见加以讨论、研究。
The present primary school history textbooks, although the number of words only three thousand, but one of the many ideas, involving a wide range, but not less than the high school history textbooks. It is really difficult to tell such a highly concentrated thing and understand it. Karl Cao believes that the teaching of history in primary schools should only enable children to understand the basic facts and basic concepts as the fulcrum for the future course of history in the higher spiral learning phase of the learning system. Therefore, he said: ’In the history curriculum of primary schools, we must carefully select the most basic concepts, phenomena, facts and images that are minimal, and firmly abandon all redundant materials. At the same time, he believes that the primary basic task that should be tackled in the history teaching of primary schools lies in cultivating children’s infinite love for the socialist motherland and for their own people, and for cultivating the feelings of being proud of their own people and hating all the enemies of their own people , Hatred of all the oppressors and aggressors, and the cultivation of feelings loyal to the cause of socialist revolution. The suggestions made by Liu Wei in this article are basically in line with Karl Cao’s instructions. However, in the course of the transition to socialism in our motherland, there is also a special need in history teaching to better arrange history teaching materials and processes Guide children to ’understand the modern world through understanding of the past’ and guide them to ’attach importance to the great achievements attained by the heroic struggles of the working people over many centuries’ so as to foster their feelings of loyalty to the revolutionary cause of socialism. Of course, it is not easy to implement this proposal. For example, in the long historical period prior to the Opium War, it was necessary to ’fine-tune a minimum number of the most important concepts, phenomena, facts and figures’ so that they could be completed within a semester To study, consider. Therefore, in addition to publishing an article by Comrade Liu Wei, we hope that the editorial department of People’s Education Press will take into consideration the proposal made by Comrade Wei Weifu and hope that the vast number of history teachers will discuss and study his opinion.