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18世纪末至19世纪初,拉丁美洲爆发了为摆脱西班牙、葡萄牙宗主国殖民统治的独立运动。不同学者对有关拉美独立运动爆发的原因有不同看法。本文认为拉美独立运动爆发主要是由内因引起的,并从拉美人口结构变化、克里奥尔人的地位和角色、拉美文化、对殖民统治的长期反抗斗争等几个方面进行了考察。本文认为,拉美殖民地人口结构的变化与拉美民族的产生使得来自伊比利亚半岛的“半岛人”成为少数民族,克里奥尔人即拉美土生白人成为独立运动的推动与领导力量,殖民地不同民族之间交流与融合形成的拉美文化产生了强烈的独立意识,长期以来殖民地人民为反对宗主国横征暴敛的抗争最终导致了拉美独立运动的爆发。
From the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, Latin America broke out an independent movement to get rid of the colonial rule of the sovereign kingdom of Spain and Portugal. Different scholars have different opinions on the reasons for the outbreak of the Latin American independence movement. This article argues that the outbreak of the independent movement in Latin America was caused mainly by internal causes and investigated from several aspects such as the demographic transition in Latin America, the position and role of the Creoles, Latin American culture, and long-term resistance to colonial rule. This paper argues that the change in the demographic structure of the Latin American colonies and the emergence of the Latin American nation made it possible for the “Peninsula” people from the Iberian Peninsula to become ethnic minorities and the Creole, Latin American white climbers, to become the driving forces and leaders of the independent movement. The colonies The Latin American culture formed by the exchange and integration of different ethnic groups has generated a strong sense of independence. For a long time, the colonial people’s struggle against the suzerainty and sovereign aggression led to the outbreak of the Latin American independence movement.