深空探测的发展对航天器再入热防护提出了更高要求,而轻质烧蚀材料因其烧蚀性能优异和结构重量轻等特点已越来越受到重视。文章总结了轻质烧蚀材料的特点和发展历程,介绍了轻质烧蚀材料常用的基体和填料,并对新型烧蚀材料发展方向进行了展望。 The development of deep space exploration has put forward higher requirements on spacecraft reentry thermal protection. However, lightweight ablative materials have drawn more and more attention due to their excellent ablation performance and structural light weight. This paper summarizes the characteristics and development of light ablative materials, introduces the commonly used substrates and fillers for light ablative materials, and prospects the development of new ablative materials.