运动作为一种应激原,在机体各个不同水平引起反应;长期的运动训练也在机体各个不同水平引起适应。机体各组织细胞在增殖能力和分化程度上有很大差异,因而在细胞水平上的反应或适应所表现出来的特征也不尽相同,与细胞自身的增殖能力和分化程度密切相关。淋巴细胞在运动内环境冲击下可能是以细胞更新的方式产生反应和适应;肌纤维则可以以非凋亡方式在亚细胞水平进行调节。细胞更新方式是细胞凋亡和增殖。 Exercise as a stressor causes reactions at all levels of the body; long-term exercise training also causes adaptation at various levels of the body. The cells of various tissues have great differences in their proliferative ability and differentiation degree. Therefore, the characteristics of response or adaptation at the cellular level are also different, which are closely related to the cell’s own proliferation ability and differentiation degree. Lymphocytes may respond and adapt in a cell-renewal manner under the impact of exercise environment; muscle fibers may be non-apoptoticly regulated at the subcellular level. Cell renewal is apoptosis and proliferation.