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以往对于地震造成的建筑物破坏是否存在卓越方向性有两种不同的看法。本文以近十年来国内外发表的一些震例资料为依据,介绍了地震造成建筑物破坏变形的宏观方向性特征及其研究成果,认为对于某些较大地震,特别是一些以走滑成因为主的地震,这种方向性特征是存在的,并且与特定地震所作的断层模型和震源机制等有关资料解析结果相一致,它在Ⅶ-Ⅹ度烈度区内显示得最为典型。文中对造成这一卓越方向特征的原因,从五个方面进行论证。认为造成这一特征的主要原因是地震本身,即地面运动学特征。它应受控于应力场所控制的地震断层在地震时错动方式和所表现的位移场特征。文中还就这一课题研究可能带来的学术意义和经济意义提出了初步认识。
In the past, there were two different opinions on whether building destruction caused by the earthquake had excellent directionality. Based on some earthquake data published in the past ten years at home and abroad, this paper introduces the macroscopic directional characteristics of the damage and deformation of buildings caused by the earthquake and its research results. It is considered that for some large earthquakes, This directional characteristic exists and is consistent with the analytical results of relevant data such as the fault model and focal mechanism made by a particular earthquake. It shows the most typical region in the VII-Ⅹ intensity region. In this paper, the reasons for causing this remarkable direction of the characteristics of the argument from five aspects. It is considered that the main cause of this feature is the earthquake itself, that is, the surface kinematics. It should be controlled by the manner in which the earthquake fault controlled by the stress field dislocates during the earthquake and the characteristics of the displacement field. The article also put forward a preliminary understanding of the possible academic and economic significance of this topic.