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二、俄、乌的经济状况及困难成因纵观俄罗斯、乌克兰的整个经济形势,仍没有摆脱衰退的阴影,还处在危机之中。表现在:第一,生产继续下降。从苏联解体后,俄罗斯、乌克兰的工农业生产持续下降。到今年一季度仍不见好转。乌克兰一季度国民生产总值比上年同期又下降了30%,俄罗斯的下降速度要低一些。生产下降使能源、生产资料、消费品供应短缺。商品短缺现象在莫斯科、基辅等大城市的市场上随处可见。商场里俄、乌本国产品很少,而且档次较低,稍好一些的商品都是外国货,衣服鞋子以意大利货、中国货居多,家用电器则多是德国等西欧货。国营商店食品价格便宜,但品种很少,买面包总要排队。第二,通货膨胀严重。1992年俄罗斯通货膨胀率达2200%,今年第一季度持续膨胀,月通货膨胀率平均为
Second, the economic situation of Russia and Ukraine and causes of difficulties Looking at the entire Russian, Ukrainian economic situation, still did not get rid of the shadow of the recession, is still in crisis. In: First, the production continues to decline. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, the industrial and agricultural production in Russia and Ukraine continued to decline. The first quarter of this year still see no improvement. In the first quarter of 2008, Ukraine’s GDP also dropped by 30% over the same period of last year. Russia’s decline rate is lower. Decline in production leads to a shortage of energy, means of production and supply of consumer goods. Shortages of goods in Moscow, Kiev and other cities in the market everywhere. Shopping Russia, Uzbekistan very few products, and lower grades, slightly better products are foreign goods, clothes, shoes, Italian goods, mostly Chinese goods, home appliances are mostly Western European goods such as Germany. State-owned shops cheaper food prices, but a small variety, always have to wait in line to buy bread. Second, inflation is serious. Russia’s inflation rate reached 2200% in 1992 and continued to expand in the first quarter of this year. The average monthly inflation rate was