单光楔补偿检测法具有良好的适用性、鲁棒性和灵活性,但是在检测光路中存在多种误差耦合,误差解耦困难,影响了单光楔补偿检测的精度和可信度.针对这一问题,本文提出一种计算全息法(Computer Generation Hologram,CGH)标定单光楔补偿检测光路系统误差的新方法.文中首先分析了单光楔补偿检测法系统误差的来源,并对CGH标定光楔补偿器的可行性进行了分析.结合工程实例,对口径为150 mm的单光楔补偿器设计了CGH,经分析可得CGH的标定精度为1.98 nm RMS,CGH标定后单光楔补偿检测精度为3.43 nm RMS,该精度能够满足大口径凸非球面反射镜的高精度检测要求.结果表明:CGH可以准确标定单光楔补偿器的位姿和检测光路的系统误差,解决了检测光路中误差解耦困难的问题,提高了单光楔补偿检测的准确性和可靠性.使用CGH标定得到Tap#2和Tap#3的检测光路系统误差分别为0.023λRMS和0.011λRMS.“,”As a testing method for large convex aspheric surface, the single optical wedge compensation test has good applicability, robustness and flexibility. However, various errors are coupled with one another dur-ing the test process and these errors are difficult to decouple. This affects the accuracy and reliability of the tests. To address this, a method is developed to calibrate the system error of single optical wedge test paths using a Computer Generation Hologram (CGH). We first analysed the source of system error in the optical path of a single optical wedge compensation test as well as the feasibility of using CGH for the calibration of an optical wedge compensation test system. In combination with engineering examples, a CGH was de-signed for optical wedge compensators with a diameter of 150 mm. Based on the analysis results, the calibra-tion accuracy of the CGH was 1.98 nm RMS, and after calibration the test accuracy of single wedge com-pensation was 3.43 nm RMS, thereby meeting the high-precision test requirements of large convex aspheric mirrors. This shows that CGH can accurately calibrate the pose of single optical wedge compensators and the test system errors of optical paths. Thus we address the problems affecting error decoupling in test optical paths, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the single optical wedge compensation method. Mean-while, using CGH calibration, the system errors of the test optical paths, Tap#2 and Tap#3, were 0.023 and 0.011 λ RMS, respectively.