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目的探讨脑干脑炎临床特点及病因。方法回顾性分析21例脑干脑炎临床资料。结果脑干脑炎多为急性或亚急性起病,以青年人发病为主,均出现不同程度周围性颅神经损害,锥体束损害较为常见,多为交叉性轻瘫;脑脊液多无明显改变,头颅CT检查常无异常,头颅MRI多显示脑干呈长T1长T2不均匀点状、斑片状异常信号,激素治疗有效。结论脑干脑炎可能与病毒感染后变态反应有关,大多预后良好,但病变较广泛或延髓受损严重时易发生中枢性呼吸和循环衰竭。
Objective To investigate the clinical features and etiology of encephalic encephalitis. Methods A retrospective analysis of 21 cases of brainstem encephalitis clinical data. Results Most of encephalitogenic encephalitis were acute or subacute onset, mainly young onset, with varying degrees of peripheral cranial nerve damage, pyramidal tract lesions were more common, mostly cross paraplegia; no significant change in cerebrospinal fluid , Skull CT examination often no abnormalities, brain MRI showed multiple long T1 long T2 uneven spot shape, patchy abnormal signal, effective hormone therapy. Conclusions Brainstem encephalitis may be related to allergic reaction after virus infection, most of them have a good prognosis. However, central respiratory and circulatory failure are easy to occur when the lesions are extensive or the medulla oblongata is severely damaged.