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目的掌握福州市乙肝发病特点、流行趋势,为制订预防控制策略和措施提供科学依据。方法对福州市2010—2012年的乙肝疫情资料进行流行病学分析。结果 2010—2012年福州市乙肝年均发病率为211.95/10万,年发病率分别为239.86/10万、203.52/10万、192.47/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=387.486,P<0.05)。病例呈散发状态,全年各月份均有病例发生,1—3月份为发病高峰。福州市区肝炎年平均报告发病率普遍高于其他县(市),存在地区分布不均衡的特征。职业分布主要集中在家务及待业和农民,男女发病率分别为285.42/10万和133.53/10万,差异有统计学意意义(χ2=1655.635,P<0.05),发病年龄组集中在20~50岁年龄组,其中以25~30岁年龄组发病率最高。结论近年来,福州市乙肝发病率有下降趋势,但仍处于较高水平,应在加强新生儿、适龄儿童乙肝疫苗接种工作的基础上,继续扩大疫苗免疫范围。应加强乙肝预防和疫苗接种宣传教育。
Objective To understand the characteristics and epidemic trend of hepatitis B in Fuzhou and provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Epidemiological data of epidemic situation of hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2012 were analyzed. Results The annual average incidence of hepatitis B in Fuzhou from 2010 to 2012 was 211.95 / 100 000, with annual incidences of 239.86 / 100000, 203.52 / 100000 and 192.47 / 100000, respectively, with statistical significance (χ2 = 387.486, P < 0.05). Cases were sporadic state, all cases occur each month throughout the year, 1-3 months for the peak incidence. The average annual incidence of hepatitis in Fuzhou is generally higher than that in other counties (cities), and the distribution of the area is uneven. Occupational distribution mainly concentrated in household and unemployed and farmers, the incidence of male and female were 285.42 / lakh and 133.53 / lakh respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 1655.635, P <0.05), and the age of onset was between 20 ~ 50 The age group, of which 25 to 30 age group the highest incidence. Conclusions In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis B in Fuzhou has been declining, but it is still at a high level. Based on strengthening hepatitis B vaccination among newborns and school-age children, the scope of immunization should be further expanded. Should strengthen hepatitis B prevention and vaccination publicity and education.