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Objective: To investigate the immune response in patients under persistent vegetative state (PVS) resulting from trauma.Methods: Peripheral blood monocytes were obtained from 12 PVS patients (Group PVS )and individuals in normal control group by density gradient centrifugation;the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kit was then used to measure monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes before and after monocyte activation with either IFN-γ or LPS.Results: Compared with normal control group, the peripheral blood monocyte HLA-DR antigen expression in the Group PVC fell significantly in PVS patients (P ＜0.001); the level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the monocyte surface rose notably after stimulation with either IFN-γ or LPS (P ＜0.01). As for PVS patients, it was still difficult to restore to normal (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions: The level of HLA-DR antigen expression on the surface of peripheral blood monocytes in PVS patients decreases obviously. Therefore, the function of non-specific immunity in PVS patients is suppressed.