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“There be”是英语中最常见的又是非常重要的句型,它是表示“存在”的一种基本方式,通常翻译成“有”。There作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词。常用“There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)”这一句型表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”,例如:
There is a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits. 在拐角处有家商店,你可以在那里买水果。
一、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
1. There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,例如:
There aren’t any pens on the desk. 课桌上没有钢笔。
There hasn’t been any rain for a week. 一周没下雨了。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no, 例如:
There are no pictures on the wall. 墙上没有图画。
There will be no one at home tomorrow morning. 明天上午不会有人在家。
2. There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。例如:
Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有块蛋糕吗?
Yes,there is. / No,there isn’t. 是,有。/ 不,没有。
3. There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词的两种情况。例如:
How many students are there in your school? 你们学校有多少学生?
How much money is there in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱?
4. There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there? 桌子上有只杯子,是吗?
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there? 附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
二、There be 结构中的时态
1. There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
2. There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette in that box. 那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
He felt that there must be something wrong. 他感到一定是出了错儿。
There used to be a hospital there before the war. 战前,那里曾经有家医院。
3. There be 句型也可以和这样一些谓语动词连用:be going to、seem to、appear to、used to、be likely to、happen to...
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
Is there going to be a dancing party tonight?今晚有舞会吗?
There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club. 在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。
There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。
4. there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其他动词。例如:
There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前,中国有一个国王。
三、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1. 当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。
There’s a man at the door. 门口有个人。
There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。
There are some strangers in the street. 大街上有一些陌生人。
2. 如果There be 后面是几个并列名词作主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。
四、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1. 区别:there be 表示客观存在,强调某地有某物,但是不表示所属关系;have 表示所属关系, 强调某人或某地有某物。例如:
There are some dogs in front of the house. 房前有些小狗。
Beijing has a lot of tall buildings. 北京有好多大厦。
2. 相同点:在表示结构上的“含有”时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。例如:
There are many mountains in China.
China has many mountains.
中国有许多大山。
How many days are there in a week?
How many days does a week have?
一周有几天呢?
编辑/梁宇清
There is a shop at the corner, where you can buy fruits. 在拐角处有家商店,你可以在那里买水果。
一、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句
1. There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,例如:
There aren’t any pens on the desk. 课桌上没有钢笔。
There hasn’t been any rain for a week. 一周没下雨了。
另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no, 例如:
There are no pictures on the wall. 墙上没有图画。
There will be no one at home tomorrow morning. 明天上午不会有人在家。
2. There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。例如:
Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有块蛋糕吗?
Yes,there is. / No,there isn’t. 是,有。/ 不,没有。
3. There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词的两种情况。例如:
How many students are there in your school? 你们学校有多少学生?
How much money is there in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱?
4. There be 句型的反意疑问句
There is a cup on the table, isn’t there? 桌子上有只杯子,是吗?
There will be a new hospital nearby, won’t there? 附近要建一家新医院,是吗?
二、There be 结构中的时态
1. There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。
There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天,山中有极美的野花。
There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。
2. There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。
There may be a cigarette in that box. 那只盒子里或许有支香烟。
He felt that there must be something wrong. 他感到一定是出了错儿。
There used to be a hospital there before the war. 战前,那里曾经有家医院。
3. There be 句型也可以和这样一些谓语动词连用:be going to、seem to、appear to、used to、be likely to、happen to...
There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。
Is there going to be a dancing party tonight?今晚有舞会吗?
There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club. 在那个俱乐部碰巧有我的一个老朋友。
There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。
4. there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其他动词。例如:
There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。
Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前,中国有一个国王。
三、There be 结构中的主谓一致
1. 当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。
There’s a man at the door. 门口有个人。
There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。
There are some strangers in the street. 大街上有一些陌生人。
2. 如果There be 后面是几个并列名词作主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。
There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。
There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。
四、There be 结构和have的区别与联系
1. 区别:there be 表示客观存在,强调某地有某物,但是不表示所属关系;have 表示所属关系, 强调某人或某地有某物。例如:
There are some dogs in front of the house. 房前有些小狗。
Beijing has a lot of tall buildings. 北京有好多大厦。
2. 相同点:在表示结构上的“含有”时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。例如:
There are many mountains in China.
China has many mountains.
中国有许多大山。
How many days are there in a week?
How many days does a week have?
一周有几天呢?
编辑/梁宇清