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中国水产养殖业的长期快速发展是一把双刃剑,既增加了农民收入,也带来了严重的内源性污染。为了减少水产养殖的污染,以生命周期为基础,通过能量守恒法与养分平衡法确定水产养殖的环境影响,而后探讨不同养殖模式下的传统经济学与环境经济学视角下的成本收益差异。结果显示:多种鱼类共存的混养模式环境成本最低,单养模式较之略高,立体养殖模式下的环境成本远远高于前两种养殖模式。两种视角下的成本收益率,混养模式最高,单养模式次之,立体养殖模式最低。因此,推广合理搭配的多种鱼类共生的混养模式;集中处理单养模式下的养殖污染;增加立体养殖模式下污染分解与过滤环节,实现塘内养分与农地共享,减少养殖环境污染,增加收益。
The long-term rapid development of China’s aquaculture industry is a double-edged sword, which not only increases the income of peasants, but also brings about serious endogenous pollution. In order to reduce the pollution of aquaculture, the environmental impact of aquaculture is determined on the basis of life cycle through conservation of energy and nutrient balance, and then the differences of cost and benefit under the perspectives of traditional economics and environmental economics under different farming modes are discussed. The results showed that the environment cost of polygamy with coexistence of many species of fish was the lowest, and the cost of monoculture mode was slightly higher than that of the former two modes. Under the two perspectives, the cost-benefit ratio, the highest polyculture mode, the second one are the single-support mode, and the lowest is the three-dimensional cultivation mode. Therefore, the promotion of a reasonable mix of a variety of fish symbiotic polyculture mode; focus on the single-culture mode of farming pollution; increase the three-dimensional culture mode of pollution decomposition and filtration links to achieve the pool of nutrients and farmland to share and reduce farming pollution, Increase revenue.