本文首次把解决现代工程技术问题行之有效的“黑箱(black box)”理论用来研究井底射流流场。用一种新的全尺寸水力能量测试实验,直接测得三牙轮钻头下射流到达井底岩面(即钻进过程中钻头钻出的瞬时井底岩石表面)的水功率和冲击力。建立了计算井底水功率和冲击力的经验公式,提出了以井底岩面获得最大水功率和最大冲击力为喷射钻井水力程序设计准则的两种新的最优工作方式。 本文在所实验的条件下,获得了井底岩面最火水力能量的功率分配比值(R_N)和全喷距(135毫米)下射流水力能量衰减系数的范围等极值条件。在同样的条件下,以井底岩面最大水力能量优选的最优排量比钻头最大水力能量的最优排量约提高7.5％左右。并从理论和实践上证实了适当提高排量和强化机泵的必要性。 This paper, for the first time, uses the “black box” theory, which is effective in solving modern engineering problems, to study the jet flow field at the bottom hole. A new full-scale hydraulic energy test was used to directly measure the water power and impact force of the jet under the tri-cone bit on the rock bottom surface (ie, the instantaneous rock bottom surface drilled by the bit during drilling). An empirical formula for calculating the power and impact of bottom hole water is established. Two new optimal working methods of obtaining the maximum water power and maximum impact force from bottom hole rock face are proposed. Under the experimental conditions, the extreme value conditions such as the power distribution ratio (R_N) of the hottest hydraulic energy at the bottom of the shaft and the range of the hydraulic energy attenuation coefficient of the jet at the full-span (135 mm) are obtained. Under the same conditions, the optimum displacement of the maximum hydraulic energy of the bottom rock face is about 7.5% higher than the optimal displacement of the maximum hydraulic energy of the bit. And theoretically and practically confirmed the need to properly increase the displacement and strengthen the pump.