载人航天的医学监督与医学保障 (简称医监医保 )是基于航天员选拔后的训练期、飞行期及飞行后所进行的经常性工作。本文主要概述俄罗斯载人航天飞行的医监与医保的组织、任务等。医监医保的目的是保障航天员的身体健康及其工作能力 ;发现航天员在特殊环境下生理和心理的变化 ,? Medical supervision and medical support for manned spacecraft (hereinafter referred to as medical supervision and health insurance) are based on the training period, the flight period and the regular work carried out after the astronaut selection. This article outlines the organization and tasks of medical supervision and health insurance in Russian manned space flight. The purpose of medical supervision and health insurance is to protect the astronauts’ health and their ability to work. To find out the physiological and psychological changes of astronauts in special circumstances,