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本文对浙江人口增长和粮食生产的关系作了农业发展史的回顾和前瞻,指出浙江人粮关系的转折时期在宋代,当时采取扩大耕地和提高单产并进的途径,成功地缓和了人口压力,成为东南首富的粮区。到清末因各种原因人口迅长,生产条件恶化,使浙江转陷于缺粮省份。建国以来,在二千万的人口基数上起步,由于前期失控,致使短期内人口加倍。但因依靠现代农业科学和传统农业结合,在耕地渐减的情况下,不断提高单产和总产,实现了人民生活水平的提高。但因人地比下降,人粮的紧张关系仍未解除。今后必须大力加强农业科学研究、提高农民文化水平,才能应付未来的挑战。
This paper reviews the relationship between population growth and grain production in Zhejiang and reviews the history of agricultural development. It points out that during the turning point of Zhejiang’s grain relations in the Song Dynasty, at that time, it adopted the approach of expanding cultivated land and increasing yield and succeeded in alleviating the population pressure and becoming Southeast of the richest grain areas. By the end of the Qing dynasty, because of various reasons, the population grew rapidly and the conditions for production deteriorated, turning Zhejiang into a food-deficit province. Since the founding of New China, starting with a population base of 20 million, doubling the population in the short run due to the uncontrollable loss of the previous period. However, by relying on the combination of modern agricultural science and traditional agriculture, under the circumstance of decreasing cultivated land, continuous improvement of yield and total output and improvement of people’s living standards have been achieved. However, due to the declining ratio, the tension between the grain and the people has not been lifted. In the future, we must vigorously strengthen agricultural scientific research and raise farmers’ cultural level so as to meet future challenges.