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船舶漏油事故等导致海洋环境污染的案例推动了船舶污染海洋环境应急管理和立法的发展;2011年交通运输部颁布的《船舶污染海洋环境应急防备和应急处置管理规定》及最高人民法院发布的《关于船舶油污损害赔偿纠纷案件若干问题的规定》等确立了以下机制:行政主体依民事侵权程序向责任人请求返还应急费用;应急产业经营者依强制缔约合同请求支付应急处置费用;以责任社会化的方式保障应急费用的资金来源。为应对海洋石油开发等其他类型的海洋环境污染事故,我国应建立环境损害赔偿制度,借鉴船舶污染海洋应急管理中的强制清污协议制度、强制保险制度、油污基金制度等。
The case of ship oil spill and other marine environmental pollution caused the promotion of marine pollution emergency management and the development of legislation. In 2011, the “Provisions on Emergency Preparedness and Emergency Management of Marine Pollution from Marine Pollution” issued by the Ministry of Transport and the promulgation of the Supreme People’s Court The “Provisions on Certain Issues Concerning Ship Oil Pollution Damage Compensation Disputes” set forth the following mechanisms: The administrative body requested the return of emergency expenses to the responsible persons according to the procedure of civil tort; the emergency industry operators requested emergency disposal expenses according to the compulsory contract of contract; and the responsible society Way to protect the source of funding for emergency costs. In order to cope with other types of marine environmental pollution incidents such as offshore oil exploitation, China should establish a system of environmental damage compensation and draw lessons from the compulsory cleanup agreement system, compulsory insurance system and oil-contaminated fund system in marine emergency management of pollution.