目的　探讨骨形成蛋白２，３，４，５在软骨肉瘤和软骨瘤形成中的作用。方法　运用原位杂交技术，检测 软骨肉瘤和软骨瘤中 ＢＭＰ ２，３，４，５ ｍＲＮＡ的分布和定位，并采用图像分析仪对原位杂交的阳性程度进行图像分 析。结果　软骨肉瘤中分化较差的梭形细胞中检测有ＢＭＰ ２，３，４ ｍＲＮＡ的表达，而分化状态较好的圆形、卵圆形 细胞中未见阳性信号。软骨基质中未见阳性信号，而软骨瘤中的瘤细胞中只检测到ＢＭＰ　３ｍＲＮＡ的表达。结论 ＢＭＰ表达的种类与软骨肿瘤的类型密切相关，ＢＭＰ ２，４在软骨肉瘤的发生和形成过程中起重要作用．而ＢＭＰ ３ 则与软骨瘤的发生有密切关系。 Objective To investigate the role of bone morphogenetic proteins 2,3,4,5 in the formation of chondrosarcoma and chondroma. Methods In situ hybridization was used to detect the distribution and localization of BMP 2,3,4,5 mRNA in chondrosarcoma and chondroma. Image analysis was used to analyze the positive degree of in situ hybridization. Results The expression of BMP 2, 3, 4 was detected in spindle cells with poor differentiation in chondrosarcoma, but no positive signal was found in round and oval cells with good differentiation. No positive signal was found in the cartilage matrix, but only BMP 3 mRNA was detected in the tumor cells in the chondroma. Conclusion The type of BMP expression is closely related to the type of cartilage tumor. BMP 2,4 plays an important role in the occurrence and formation of chondrosarcoma. BMP 3 is closely related to the occurrence of chondroma.