肾移植后期很少出现外科併发症。作者报道二例移植肾肾功能极为良好的患者,也出现可能因自发性肾包膜剥脱、以致肾脏表面流出大量液体。例一:男性患者,30岁。肾移植五年后在移植区突然发生肿痛,翌日出现腹水,腹腔引流,每天放液4～12升。腹水检总蛋白0.1～0.2克/100毫升、钠144毫当量/升、钾4毫当量/升,肾功能稳定,肌酐清除率120毫升/分,静脉尿路造影、肾动脉造影、淋巴管 X 线造影均正常,血管造影静脉腔和门静脉无血 Late postoperative renal transplant surgical complications. The authors report that in two patients with very good kidney function, renal allograft excretion of a large amount of fluid may also occur due to spontaneous renal capsule exfoliation. Example 1: Male patient, 30 years old. Five years after renal transplantation in the transplant area suddenly swelling and pain, the next day ascites, peritoneal drainage, daily release 4 to 12 liters. Ascites total protein 0.1 ~ 0.2 g / 100 ml, sodium 144 meq / l, potassium 4 meq / l, stable renal function, creatinine clearance 120 ml / min, intravenous urography, renal artery angiography, lymphatic vessel X Line imaging were normal, angiography venous cavity and portal vein without blood