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目的了解广东省经济欠发达地区农村3~6岁儿童贫血及监护人自觉症状情况,为开展针对性的健康教育活动提供依据。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,抽取广东省经济欠发达地区中小学生1314名,采用氰化高铁法测定血红蛋白含量,通过问卷调查儿童监护人获取有关自觉症状情况。结果广东省经济欠发达地区农村3~6岁儿童贫血检出率为10.7%。父母均外出打工者和父亲外出打工儿童贫血检出率(15.5%,10.8%)高于父母均未外出打工儿童(8.8%)(χ~2=11.244,P<0.05)。监护人自觉儿童口唇、指甲等皮肤黏膜苍白容易疲倦无力、不爱活动烦躁不安、精神萎靡不振,有异食癖,近0.5 a来经常腹泻等现象者儿童贫血检出率分别为34.6%,29.0%,18.5%,51.7%,29.3%,均高于无以上现象者儿童,差异有统计学意义(χ~2值分别为32.525,27.753,11.958,51.968,21.801,P值均<0.05)。结论广东省经济欠发达地区农村3~6岁儿童贫血检出率较高,监护人自觉儿童有相关症状者贫血检出率高于没有自觉症状者。应加强对3~6岁儿童监护人的健康教育。
Objective To understand the anemia and guardian’s symptoms in rural children aged 3 ~ 6 years in economically underdeveloped areas in Guangdong Province, and to provide basis for carrying out targeted health education activities. Methods A total of 1314 primary and secondary school students from economically underdeveloped areas of Guangdong Province were collected by multistage cluster random sampling method. The content of hemoglobin was determined by cyanidation and high speed rail, and the symptoms were obtained by questionnaire survey of child guardians. Results The prevalence of anemia in rural children aged 3 ~ 6 years in underdeveloped areas in Guangdong Province was 10.7%. The detection rate of anemia among migrant workers and fathers who migrated to work outside their home was 15.5% and 10.8%, respectively, higher than those who did not go out to work (8.8%) (χ ~ 2 = 11.244, P <0.05). Guardian conscious child lips, nails and other skin mucosa pale easily tired weakness, do not love activity irritability, depression, pica, nearly 0.5 a to frequent diarrhea and other phenomena child anemia detection rates were 34.6%, 29.0% , 18.5%, 51.7% and 29.3%, respectively, all higher than those without above-mentioned symptoms (χ ~ 2 = 32.525,27.753,11.958,51.968,21.801, P <0.05). Conclusion The detection rate of anemia in rural children aged 3 ~ 6 years old in economically underdeveloped areas in Guangdong Province is relatively high. The detection rate of anemia in guardians who have child-related symptoms is higher than that in children without symptoms. Health education should be strengthened for guardians of 3 to 6-year-old children.