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冷战结束后,欧洲和世界的安全局势发生了深刻变化。作为欧盟和北约重要成员国的德国,在应对非传统安全方面承担的国际责任越来越多、作用越来越重要。与之相适应,德国武装力量一一联邦国防军进行了重大改革,从1955 年成立之初的专守领土防御和北约集体防御军队,转型成为一支“国际干预力量”。为了更有效地进行国际危机干预, 联邦国防军进行了结构调整,着力打造一支以能力为导向的军队。在转型过程中,联邦国防军遭遇到了义务兵役制的存废和财政危机2个重大问题,深刻影响到对欧盟共同安全与防务政策的执行,以及与北约集团的关系。
After the Cold War, profound changes have taken place in the security situation in Europe and the world. As Germany, an important member of the European Union and NATO, the international responsibility it takes in dealing with non-traditional security is more and more important and increasingly important. In response, the German Armed Forces, a major reform of the Federal Defense Forces, from the beginning of its establishment in 1955 to defend the territorial defense and NATO collective defensive forces, transformed into an “international intervention force.” In order to carry out international crisis intervention more effectively, the Federal Defense Forces has carried out structural adjustment and focused on building a capability-oriented army. In the process of transformation, the Federal Defense Forces encountered two major issues of the existence and financial crisis of compulsory military service and profoundly affected the implementation of the EU’s common security and defense policy and its relations with NATO.