门静脉高压症常并发腹水、肝性脑病、脾功能亢进、细菌性腹膜炎、肝肺综合征和肝功能衰竭等,但最为危急和严重的是食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血(EGVB)。在门静脉高压症作出诊断时,肝功代偿病人已有30%出现食管胃底静脉曲张,而肝功失代偿病人食管胃底静脉曲张者则高达60%。近年的资料表明,每年均有5%的门静脉高压症病人发生EGVB,2/3的门静脉高压症病人迟早会发生出血。第一次大出血时的死亡率可达50%以上,生存者又常在6周内发生再出血,使死亡率又增加30%。在我国,90年代门静脉高压症的住院病人有所增加,这与60～70年代肝炎高发和对其认识加深有关。尽管近年来许多新药、内镜硬化和结扎、经皮肝内门体分流术 Often portal hypertension complicated by ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, hypersplenism, bacterial peritonitis, hepatopulmonary syndrome and liver failure, but the most critical and serious is esophageal variceal bleeding (EGVB). In the diagnosis of portal hypertension, 30% of patients with decompensated liver function have esophageal varices, while 60% of patients with decompensated liver disease have esophageal varices. Recent data show that every year, 5% of patients with portal hypertension EGVB, 2/3 of patients with portal hypertension bleeding sooner or later. The first major hemorrhage mortality rate of up to 50% or more, the survivors are often re-bleeding within 6 weeks, the mortality rate increased by 30%. In our country, the number of inpatients with portal hypertension in the 1990s has increased, which is related to the high incidence of hepatitis and its deepening understanding in the 1960s and 1970s. Despite the many new drugs in recent years, endoscopic sclerosis and ligation, percutaneous transhepatic portosystemic shunt