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贸易开放给劳动力市场带来的经济后果是非常复杂的,而收入不平等就是其中一个重要方面。现有关于贸易开放影响收入不平等的文献大多着眼于总体收入不平等程度或技能工资差距,而对性别工资差距的关注则不多。文章利用1992-2009年国家统计局的城镇住户调查数据,系统地考察了贸易开放对不同部门、不同技能水平的城镇劳动者性别工资差距的影响。研究发现:(1)贸易开放对制造业的性别工资差距具有显著的正向影响;(2)分技能水平的分析结果显示,贸易开放对制造业中高技能劳动者的性别工资差距无显著影响,主要是拉大了低技能劳动者的性别工资差距;(3)贸易开放是通过影响劳动力流动和就业结构来影响性别工资差距的。因此,从保护女性的角度来说,政府应该通过提高女性的技能水平等政策措施来促进两性平等。
The economic consequences of trade openness to the labor market are complex, and income inequality is one of the important aspects. Most of the existing literature on the impact of trade opening-up on income inequality focuses on the overall income inequality or skill wage gap, while less attention is paid to the gender wage gap. Based on the data of urban households from the National Bureau of Statistics of China from 1992 to 2009, the article systematically examines the impact of trade liberalization on the gender wage gap among urban workers in different sectors and different skill levels. The results show that: (1) Trade liberalization has a significant positive impact on gender wage disparity in manufacturing industry; (2) Analysis of skill level shows that trade openness has no significant effect on gender wage disparity of high-skilled workers in manufacturing industries, Mainly by widening the gender wage gap for low-skilled workers; and (3) opening up trade affects the gender wage gap by affecting labor mobility and employment structure. Therefore, from the perspective of the protection of women, the government should promote gender equality through such policy measures as raising the level of women’s skills.