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复习宾语补足语(the Object Complement)
补充宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语(the Object Complement)。
宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后。
1.名词(或代词)+不定式
(1)The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 医生劝我戒烟。
宾语补足语
(2)She told me to finish the work as soon as possible.
宾语 补足语
她告诉我要尽快完成工作。
(3)I feel my heart beat fast. 我感到心跳得快。
宾语补足语
[拓展]在被动语态的句子中,宾语补足语就变成了主语的补足语。
(1)We are advised to wait. 有人劝我们等着。
(2)They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.
课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。
[注意]在动词make, hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, look at, notice, observe, have, let等后的补足语中,不定式不带to。
(1)Nobody saw him come in. 没人看见他进来。
(2)Look at the horse run. 看那匹马跑。
[注意]当这些动词在被动语态中作谓语时,后面的不定式就不能省去to。
They were heard to sing a song. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。
2.名词(或代词)+名词
(1)The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
宾语宾补
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。
(2)We all call the boy Da Mao. 我们都叫那男孩大毛。
宾语 宾补
3.名词(或代词)+形容词
(1)He proved himself worthy of confidence. 他证明他是值得信任的。
宾语补足语
(2)I hope to see you well soon. 我希望你的病早些好。
宾语 补足语
4.名词(或代词)+介词短语或副词
(1)Please make yourself at home. 请随便一点。
宾语补足语
(2)He ordered them away. 他命令他们离开。
宾语补足语
5.名词(或代词)+分词(分词短语)
(1)We saw the pupils playing basketball.
宾语 宾补
我们看见学生们正在打篮球。
(2)We mustn’t leave the work half done.
宾语 宾补
我们不要让这工作半途而废。
[辨析]现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的意义有些不同。后者指事情的全过程,目的在于仅仅说明发生了这事;前者指正在进行的动作的一部分, 目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前, 相当于进行时态。
(1)I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。(强调上楼的全过程)
(2)I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他在上楼。(强调上楼的动作正在进行)
6.如果宾语不是一个名词或代词,而是一个从句、不定式或动名词,这时通常要用一个it(形式宾语)代替它,把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后面去。
(1)They found it strange that no one would like to answer the question. 他们觉得很奇怪,竟然没人愿意回答这个问题。
(2)I felt it my duty to report it to the police.
我觉得有责任把这事报告给警察。
(3)I think it unwise going on with the work.
我认为继续干是不明智的。
补充宾语意义的句子成分叫做宾语补足语(the Object Complement)。
宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后。
1.名词(或代词)+不定式
(1)The doctor advised me to stop smoking. 医生劝我戒烟。
宾语补足语
(2)She told me to finish the work as soon as possible.
宾语 补足语
她告诉我要尽快完成工作。
(3)I feel my heart beat fast. 我感到心跳得快。
宾语补足语
[拓展]在被动语态的句子中,宾语补足语就变成了主语的补足语。
(1)We are advised to wait. 有人劝我们等着。
(2)They are allowed to talk in the classroom after class.
课后他们被允许在教室里讲话。
[注意]在动词make, hear, listen to, feel, see, watch, look at, notice, observe, have, let等后的补足语中,不定式不带to。
(1)Nobody saw him come in. 没人看见他进来。
(2)Look at the horse run. 看那匹马跑。
[注意]当这些动词在被动语态中作谓语时,后面的不定式就不能省去to。
They were heard to sing a song. 有人听到他们唱了一首歌。
2.名词(或代词)+名词
(1)The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
宾语宾补
政府任命她为出席那个会议的代表团团长。
(2)We all call the boy Da Mao. 我们都叫那男孩大毛。
宾语 宾补
3.名词(或代词)+形容词
(1)He proved himself worthy of confidence. 他证明他是值得信任的。
宾语补足语
(2)I hope to see you well soon. 我希望你的病早些好。
宾语 补足语
4.名词(或代词)+介词短语或副词
(1)Please make yourself at home. 请随便一点。
宾语补足语
(2)He ordered them away. 他命令他们离开。
宾语补足语
5.名词(或代词)+分词(分词短语)
(1)We saw the pupils playing basketball.
宾语 宾补
我们看见学生们正在打篮球。
(2)We mustn’t leave the work half done.
宾语 宾补
我们不要让这工作半途而废。
[辨析]现在分词和不定式作宾语补足语的意义有些不同。后者指事情的全过程,目的在于仅仅说明发生了这事;前者指正在进行的动作的一部分, 目的在于将该动作当时进行的情景呈现于读者之前, 相当于进行时态。
(1)I saw him go upstairs. 我看见他上楼去了。(强调上楼的全过程)
(2)I saw him going upstairs. 我看见他在上楼。(强调上楼的动作正在进行)
6.如果宾语不是一个名词或代词,而是一个从句、不定式或动名词,这时通常要用一个it(形式宾语)代替它,把从句、不定式或动名词放到句子后面去。
(1)They found it strange that no one would like to answer the question. 他们觉得很奇怪,竟然没人愿意回答这个问题。
(2)I felt it my duty to report it to the police.
我觉得有责任把这事报告给警察。
(3)I think it unwise going on with the work.
我认为继续干是不明智的。