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下丘脑弓形核的神经肽Ｙ（ＮｅｕｒｏｐｅｐｔｉｄｅＹ，ＮＰＹ）神经元在机体能量贮存减少时对维持能量平衡起着重要的调节作用，下丘脑神经元能够表达和释放ＮＰＹ，该神经递质对机体能量平衡的调节起着重要作用，这些神经元的过度兴奋将导致肥胖。胰岛素和Ｌｅｐｔｉｎ抑制该类神经元的兴奋性，糖皮质激素则有增强作用。
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) neurons of the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus play an important role in maintaining energy balance when the body’s energy storage is reduced. The hypothalamic neurons can express and release NPY, which has a significant effect on body energy balance The regulation plays an important role in these neurons over-excitement will lead to obesity. Insulin and Leptin inhibit the excitability of these neurons, glucocorticoids have enhanced.