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社会企业是将市场运作和社会使命相结合的新型组织形式。论文从理解社会企业的概念出发,比较美国、欧洲大陆和英国的社会企业学术研究和实践进展,发现并理解其在主流形式、组织载体、使命、收入来源、利润分配、资产处置、自主性和治理方式等方面的异同。论文认为,社会企业在世界范围内的兴起和流行,一方面固然是资源环境的促动使然,一方面则得益于各项制度空间的成熟,包括全方位非营利问责的兴起、市场化创新的持续发展以及非营利开放性的扩展,同时还受到本国非营利发展的路径和需求的影响。对积极寻求“社会管理创新”的中国来说,这一框架有助于理解在中国发展社会企业的动力和阻碍。
Social enterprise is a new form of organization that combines the operation of the market and the social mission. Based on the understanding of the concept of social enterprise, the dissertation compares the academic research and practical progress of social enterprises in the United States, European continent and the United Kingdom, finds out and comprehends the differences among the mainstream forms, organizational carriers, missions, sources of income, profit distribution, asset disposal, autonomy and Governance and other aspects of the similarities and differences. The thesis argues that the rise and popularization of social enterprises in the world is not only the motivation of resources and environment on the one hand, but also benefits from the maturity of various institutional space, including the rise of omnidirectional non-profit accountability and the marketization The continued development of innovation and the expansion of nonprofit and openness are also affected by the path and demand of nonprofit development in the country. For China, which is actively seeking “social management innovation,” this framework helps to understand the impetus and obstacles to the development of social enterprises in China.