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目的:分析德宏傣族景颇族自治州（德宏州）成年人HIV/AIDS开始抗病毒治疗（ART）后CD4n +T淋巴细胞（CD4）纵向变化特征及其影响因素。n 方法:对德宏州2007-2016年开始ART的成年人HIV/AIDS的回顾性队列随访至2018年12月31日。免疫重建良好的定义为HIV/AIDS经ART后CD4恢复至基本正常（>500个/μl），据此将HIV/AIDS分为4个组，采用轨迹分析模型描述和分析每组ART后CD4免疫重建情况，采用多因素logistic回归分析其影响因素。采用SAS 9.4软件进行统计学分析。结果:研究对象共7 605例HIV/AIDS，开始ART年龄n M（n Pn 25，n Pn 75）为36（30，43）岁，男性4 641例（61.0%），汉族3 232例（42.5%），小学及以下文化程度4 624例（60.8%），随访时间n M（n Pn 25，n Pn 75）为6.1（4.1，8.1）年。CD4未恢复正常组、CD4基本恢复正常组、CD4恢复正常组和CD4维持正常组的构成比分别为34.4%（2 617）、39.8%（3 030）、20.6%（1 562）和5.2%（396）。与CD4未恢复正常组作为对照组相比，开始ART年龄<35岁、女性、中学及以上文化程度、性传播感染途径、基线无机会性感染、开始ART时CD4≥200个/μl、含替诺福韦（TDF）标准的ART方案、确诊到开始ART时间500 cells/μl). The demographics and information at ART baseline were described, and the related factors were analyzed with polytomous logistic regression. The SAS 9.4 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 7 605 adults with HIV/AIDS were included, of which the median (n Pn 25,n Pn 75) age at ART were 36 (30,43) years old, 61.0% were male, 42.5% were Han nationality, and 60.8% with the education of primary school or below. The follow-up duration n M (n Pn 25,n Pn 75) was 6.1 (4.1,8.1) years. HIV/AIDS in Dehong showed four CD4 trajectory subgroups from low to high: below the average level, primary recovery to a normal level, full recovery to a moderate level, and normal steady level, accounting for 34.4%, 39.8%, 20.6%, and 5.2%, respectively. When compared with corresponding control groups, age <35 years at ART, female, education of middle school or above, sexual transmission, no opportunistic infection, CD4 ≥200 cells/μl, baseline regimen with tenofovir (TDF) and time from HIV diagnosis to ART <1 year were the related factors facilitating the higher CD4 subgroups.n Conclusions:The various CD4 immune recoveries of HIV/AIDS were changing patterns after ART. Starting ART with a high CD4 level was beneficial to CD4 recovery to normal level during the follow-up period. Early initiation of ART and exceptional attention to CD4 immune recovery should be encouraged after the ART.