一、土壤矿物组成土壤矿物学能反映土壤形成的基础和环境,能解释土壤的潜在肥力和肥力衰退的原因。经过半个世纪以来的研究,各类土壤中粘土矿物的主要组成和地理分布规律已大体清楚。近年来许多发展中的国家为了扩大耕地和防治沙漠化、盐渍化,对热带和亚热带的可垦荒地和沙漠及其边缘的土壤开展了大量矿物学研究埃及西部沙漠地区的土壤中,除蒙皂石、伊利石、高岭石外,还有凹凸棒石。石灰性重的土壤含凹凸棒石更多。对尼罗河三角洲北部的潜育土和镁质盐碱土也进行了研 First, soil mineral composition Soil mineralogy can reflect the foundation and environment of soil formation, can explain the soil potential fertility and fertility decline reasons. After half a century of research, the main composition and geographical distribution of clay minerals in various types of soils have been generally clear. In recent years, many developing countries have conducted extensive mineralogical studies on reclaimable and desertified lands in the tropical and sub-tropical regions and on the margins and soils in order to expand arable land and combat desertification and salinization. In the deserts of western Egypt, Stone, illite, kaolinite, as well as attapulgite. Heavy calcareous soil contains attapulgite more. Research has also been conducted on the gneissic and magmatic saline soils in the northern Nile Delta