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为从分子水平上明确小麦赤霉病流行区镰刀菌致病种及其B型毒素化学型的分布特点,本研究对2008年度采自四川、重庆、湖北、安徽、江苏、河南6省33县市的赤霉病穗上分离获得的433个镰刀菌单孢菌株,用鉴定种和鉴定B型毒素化学型的特异性引物进行了鉴定分析。致病种检测结果表明,四川病穗检测到Fusarium asiaticum、F.graminearum、F.avenaceum和F.meridionale 4个镰刀菌种,重庆、湖北、安徽和江苏病穗检测到F.asiaticum和F.graminearum 2个种,河南病穗仅检测到F.graminearum 1个种。毒素化学型检测结果表明,Nivalenol(NIV)是四川和重庆镰刀菌主要毒素化学型,Deoxynivalenol(DON)是湖北、河南、安徽和江苏镰刀菌主要毒素化学型;将DON化学型进一步划分为3-AcDON和15-AcDON显示,四川、湖北、江苏镰刀菌毒素以3-AcDON为主,安徽镰刀菌毒素为3-AcDON和15-AcDON两者参半,河南镰刀菌全部产生15-AcDON。结果揭示,F.asiaticum是四川、重庆、湖北和江苏等赤霉病流行麦区的优势致病种;镰刀菌产生的DON和NIV毒素化学型存在明显的地域分布,长江上游的麦区以NIV为优势化学型,长江中下游麦区以DON为优势化学型;镰刀菌致病种与DON毒素的化学型间存在一定关系。
In order to clarify the distribution characteristics of pathogenic Fusarium species and their chemical forms of B type toxin in the endemic area of wheat scab in the molecular level, this study collected 33 counties from 6 provinces of Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu and Henan provinces in 2008, 433 strains of Fusarium moniliforme isolated from the scab in the city were identified and analyzed by using the identification species and the specific primers to identify the type B toxin. The pathogenicity test results showed that Fusarium asiaticum, F.graminearum, F. avenaceum and F. meridionale were detected in Sichuan spikes and F.asiaticum and F.graminearum were detected in diseased spikes of Chongqing, Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces 2 species, Henan disease only detected F.graminearum 1 species. The toxin chemical test results showed that Nivalenol (NIV) was the major chemical type of Fusarium in Sichuan and Chongqing, and Deoxynivalenol (DON) was the major chemical type of Fusarium in Hubei, Henan, Anhui and Jiangsu. The DON chemical type was further divided into 3- AcDON and 15-AcDON showed that Fusarium mycotoxin in Sichuan, Hubei and Jiangsu Provinces are mainly 3-AcDON, Fusarium mycotoxins in Anhui are both 3-AcDON and 15-AcDON, and Fusarium moniliforme produced 15-AcDON in all. The results showed that F. asiaticum was the predominant pathogenicity in the wheat-growing areas of Fusarium head blight, such as Sichuan, Chongqing, Hubei and Jiangsu. The chemical forms of DON and NIV toxin produced by Fusarium had obvious geographical distribution. The upper reaches of Yangtze River in NIV As the dominant chemical type, DON was the dominant chemical type in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. There was a certain relationship between the chemical types of DON and the pathogenicity of DON.