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只有大量接种乙型肝炎(HB)疫苗,才能在世界范围内降低HB发病率。目前仅有两种商品化HB疫苗:血源性HB疫苗(PDV)和重组HB疫苗。本文比较了两种疫苗的安全性、免疫原性、保护效果以及费用-效益关系。近10年来,全世界几百万人安全、有效地接种了PDV。然而,为了使疫苗排除传染性HB病毒和其他可能存在于血浆中的传染因子,需要一系列复杂且费时的纯化和灭活程序。检定所使用的黑猩猩日益稀少以及HBsAg阳性血清数量的限制等因素阻碍了PDV的生产。
Only large doses of hepatitis B vaccine can reduce the incidence of HB worldwide. There are currently only two commercial HB vaccines: the blood-borne HB vaccine (PDV) and the recombinant HB vaccine. This article compares the safety, immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and cost-benefit relationship of the two vaccines. For nearly 10 years, millions of people around the world have been vaccinated safely and effectively. However, in order for vaccines to exclude infectious HB virus and other infectious agents that may be present in plasma, a complex and time-consuming purification and inactivation procedure is required. Factors such as the growing scarcity of chimpanzees used for accreditation and the number of HBsAg-positive sera have hampered PDV production.