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一、前言海洋开发按使用目的大体可分为以下三类: (1) 石油、锰结石矿等海底资源的开发。 (2) 石油储备、海上工厂等海洋空间的利用。 (3) 波浪、潮流、潮汐等海洋能的利用。为有效地利用海洋所具有的这些庞大的潜力,已经研制并建造了各种海洋结构。当然,这些海洋结构的设计思想及结构特征因结构的种类及规模的不同而不同,对于所使用的钢材也要求有不同的性能。本文以各种海洋结构中开发历史最久,已成为海洋结构代名词的石油开采装置为中心,
I. Introduction Marine development can be divided into the following three categories by purpose of use: (1) Exploitation of seabed resources such as oil and manganese stones. (2) Utilization of marine reserves such as oil reserves and offshore factories. (3) The utilization of ocean energy such as waves, currents, tides and the like. To effectively harness these vast potentialities of the oceans, various marine structures have been developed and built. Of course, the design ideas and structural features of these marine structures vary with the type and size of the structure, and different properties are required for the steel used. In this paper, a variety of marine structures in the history of the oldest development, has become synonymous with the marine structure of oil extraction device as the center,