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金石学是中国古代一种传统的学问,是以研究中国古代铜器和石亥及其他材质上的铭刻为研究对象的。金石学肇源于北宋时期,清代以前偏重于描摹器物、著录和考正文字,以期达到正经补史的目的。它是中国考古学的前身。近代考古学在中国诞生后,金石学逐渐演化为考古学的组成部分。关于中国金石学的定义和分类,马衡在《中国金石学概要》(《凡将斋金石丛稿》)中说:“往古人类之遗文或一切有意识之作品赖金石或其他物质以直接流传于今日者,
Petrology is a kind of traditional learning in ancient China, which is based on the study of the inscriptions of ancient Chinese bronzes, stone inscriptions and other materials. Jinshi Zhaoyuan originated in the Northern Song Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty before the emphasis on tracing artifacts, writing and test the text, with a view to achieve just the purpose of replenishing history. It is the predecessor of Chinese archeology. After the birth of modern archeology in China, the petrology gradually evolved into an integral part of archeology. Regarding the definition and classification of petrological science in China, Ma Heng states in his summary of Chinas peculiar science (Wan Fan Shizhi Cong draft) that: ”the inscription to the ancient human beings or all conscious works, Lai Jishi or other material, is directly Spread in today’s person,