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目的综述广西历年在疟疾传播按蚊防制研究及按蚊种类变化状况,为今后传疟按蚊防制提供科学依据。方法收集广西六十五年传疟按蚊及疟疾防制资料进行综合分析。结果广西境内曾发现按蚊共32种及亚种,证实四种按蚊为当地传疟按蚊,其中以微小按蚊为主要中华按蚊、嗜人按蚊、日月潭按蚊为次要传疟媒介。五十年代初曾经在广西西南部发现过大劣按蚊,随后调查均未发现该蚊种。经过对疟疾流行区长期大量的喷洒灭蚊及综合防治措施后,全区已无当地疟疾病例,微小按蚊、嗜人按蚊和日月潭按蚊的种群数量和地理分布大量减少或消失,而中华按蚊仍普遍存在。近几年当地出现大量从国外返乡的输入性疟疾病例,同时带回各种类疟疾。结论目前广西境内的传疟按蚊的种类已发生根本改变,当地的中华按蚊对输入性疟原虫的敏感性有待研究。
OBJECTIVE To summarize the research on the control of Anopheles mosquitoes in malaria over the past years and the change of the species of Anopheles mosquitoes, and to provide a scientific basis for the future prevention and control of Anopheles. Methods Sixty-five years of anopheline and malaria control data from Guangxi were collected for comprehensive analysis. Results A total of 32 Anopheles species and subspecies were found in Guangxi. Four Anopheles mosquitoes were identified as Anopheles gracilis, of which Anopheles minimus was the main Anopheles sinensis, Anopheles anthropophagus and An. medium. Anopheles sinensis was found in the southwestern part of Guangxi in the early 1950s and no mosquito species was found afterwards. After a large number of malaria-endemic areas were sprayed with mosquitoes for a long period of time and comprehensive prevention and treatment measures were taken, the number and geographic distribution of malaria cases, Anopheles minimus, Anopheles anthropophagus and Anopheles sinensis greatly decreased or disappeared while that of China Anopheles are still widespread. In recent years, there have been a large number of imported malaria cases returning from abroad, bringing back all kinds of malaria. Conclusion At present, the species of Anopheles malaria in Guangxi has undergone fundamental changes. The sensitivity of the Chinese Anopheles sinensis to imported Plasmodium has yet to be studied.