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无论学习哪一种外语,学习者都必须尽可能多地掌握该语言的词汇。但是同时,学习者会发现,随着学习的深入,掌握的词汇越多,正确地使用词汇也越难。如何帮助以日语为母语的汉语学习者有效地增加词汇量,并且正确地掌握词的用法是对日汉语词汇教学应该解决的一个重要问题。为了实现这个目的,我们应该了解汉语词汇体系与日语相比有哪些不同的特征。本文根据跨语言语义场对比理论对中日词汇进行分析对比,从词的结构和意义的角度考察汉语词汇体系的特征。本文还尝试把汉语词汇体系的特点应用于汉外词汇教学上,具体的做法是:根据语义场确定意义项目,然后选定属于该项目的教学基本词汇。
No matter what kind of foreign language learning, learners must grasp the vocabulary of the language as much as possible. However, at the same time, learners will find that with the deepening of learning, the more vocabulary they acquire, the more difficult it is to use the correct vocabulary. How to help Chinese learners who are native speakers of Japanese to effectively increase their vocabulary and how to use them correctly is an important issue that should be solved in the teaching of Japanese words and phrases. In order to achieve this goal, we should understand the different characteristics of Chinese vocabulary system compared with Japanese. This paper analyzes and contrasts the Chinese-Japanese vocabularies based on the cross-linguistic semantic field comparison theory and examines the features of the Chinese vocabulary system from the perspective of the structure and meaning of words. This article also tries to apply the characteristics of Chinese lexical system to vocabulary teaching in Han. The specific approach is to determine the meaning items according to the semantic field, and then to select the basic vocabulary of teaching which belong to the project.