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采用农林废弃物制备比表面积大、微孔结构发达的活性炭,能够缓解资源短缺问题,减少环境污染,并且提高活性炭在气相吸附方面的利用价值。以核桃壳为原料、KOH为活化剂,采用单因素法探讨碱炭比、活化温度和活化时间对活性炭得率、碘吸附值的影响,确定了核桃壳基活性炭制备的最佳工艺条件。采用场发射扫描电镜、孔径分析仪、傅里叶红外光谱仪分析了活性炭的微观形貌、孔径结构、表面化学性质。结果表明:当碱炭比为3∶1、活化时间为60 min、活化温度为800℃时,制备的核桃壳基活性炭的比表面积为1 551.85 m2/g,总孔容为0.79 cm3/g,微孔比表面积为1 491.22 m2/g,微孔率为89.87%。该活性炭的比表面积大,微孔结构发达,同时极微孔含量很高。
The use of agricultural and forestry wastes to prepare activated carbon with large specific surface area and well-developed microporous structure can alleviate the problem of resource shortage, reduce environmental pollution and enhance the utilization value of activated carbon in gas phase adsorption. Using walnut shell as raw material and KOH as activator, single factor method was used to investigate the effect of alkali-carbon ratio, activation temperature and activation time on the yield of activated carbon and iodine adsorption value. The optimum technological conditions for the preparation of walnut shell-based activated carbon were determined. Field emission scanning electron microscopy, pore size analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer were used to analyze the microstructure, pore structure and surface chemistry of activated carbon. The results showed that the specific surface area of the prepared walnut-based activated carbon was 1 551.85 m2 / g and the total pore volume was 0.79 cm3 / g when the ratio of carbon to carbon was 3:1, the activation time was 60 min and the activation temperature was 800 ℃. Micropore specific surface area of 1 491.22 m2 / g, microporous rate of 89.87%. The activated carbon has a large specific surface, a well-developed microporous structure and a very high micropore content.